diff --git a/javaecs/src/main/java/nz/ac/massey/javaecs/ComponentArray.java b/javaecs/src/main/java/nz/ac/massey/javaecs/ComponentArray.java
index f68dae8..15f0e5d 100644
--- a/javaecs/src/main/java/nz/ac/massey/javaecs/ComponentArray.java
+++ b/javaecs/src/main/java/nz/ac/massey/javaecs/ComponentArray.java
@@ -16,18 +16,22 @@ package nz.ac.massey.javaecs;
 
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.LinkedList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 
 
 class ComponentArray{
     // The object data array
-    private List<Object> componentArray = new ArrayList<>();
+    private List<Object> componentArray;
     // The mappings between data and entity
-    private Map<Entity, Integer> entityComponentDataMap = new HashMap<>();
-    private Map<Integer, Entity> componentDataEntityMap = new HashMap<>();
+    private Map<Entity, Integer> entityComponentDataMap;
+    private Map<Integer, Entity> componentDataEntityMap;
 
+    public ComponentArray(int initialSize){
+        componentArray = new ArrayList<>(initialSize);
+        entityComponentDataMap = new HashMap<>(initialSize);
+        componentDataEntityMap = new HashMap<>(initialSize);
+    }
     /**
      * Gets the data Object associated with the entity.
      * @param entity the entity to find data for
diff --git a/javaecs/src/main/java/nz/ac/massey/javaecs/ComponentManager.java b/javaecs/src/main/java/nz/ac/massey/javaecs/ComponentManager.java
index c501cfa..9aa4db4 100644
--- a/javaecs/src/main/java/nz/ac/massey/javaecs/ComponentManager.java
+++ b/javaecs/src/main/java/nz/ac/massey/javaecs/ComponentManager.java
@@ -121,11 +121,21 @@ class ComponentManager{
      * @return true if the component was registered successfully, else false
      */
     protected boolean registerComponent(Type type){
+        return registerComponent(type, 16);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers the component type
+     * @param type the class type to register
+     * @param arraySize the number of elements to prereserve space for.
+     * @return true if the component was registered successfully, else false
+     */
+    protected boolean registerComponent(Type type, int arraySize){
         if (componentArrays.containsKey(type)){
             Engine.writeErr("Component " + type.getTypeName() + " is already registered");
             return false;
         }
-        componentArrays.put(type, new ComponentArray());
+        componentArrays.put(type, new ComponentArray(arraySize));
         indexComponentType.put(componentPosIndex.size(), type);
         componentPosIndex.put(type, componentPosIndex.size());
         return true;
diff --git a/javaecs/src/main/java/nz/ac/massey/javaecs/EntityManager.java b/javaecs/src/main/java/nz/ac/massey/javaecs/EntityManager.java
index 4923578..2853823 100644
--- a/javaecs/src/main/java/nz/ac/massey/javaecs/EntityManager.java
+++ b/javaecs/src/main/java/nz/ac/massey/javaecs/EntityManager.java
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ package nz.ac.massey.javaecs;
  */
 
 import java.util.BitSet;
-import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.Deque;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
-import java.util.Queue;
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 
 // Define the manager classes internally - should be moved to seperate source files as appropriate
@@ -22,7 +22,11 @@ import java.util.ArrayList;
  * I.e. Controls adding and removing entities, and registration and deregistration of components.
  */
 class EntityManager{
-    private Queue<Entity> unusedEntities;
+    // According to https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12524826/why-should-i-use-deque-over-stack 
+    // ArrayDeque is likely faster than a LinkedList, when used as one.
+    // We can also supply a size to the constructor of ArrayDeque, which avoids resizing the collection
+    // at initialisation time (took 1.4s vs 1.8s for 1M)
+    private Deque<Entity> unusedEntities; 
     private List<BitSet> entityRegistrations;
     private int maxSize = 1024;
 
@@ -30,8 +34,8 @@ class EntityManager{
      * Initialise the EntityManager with the default max size of 1024
      */
     public EntityManager(){
-        unusedEntities = new LinkedList<>();
-        entityRegistrations = new ArrayList<>();
+        unusedEntities = new ArrayDeque<>(maxSize);
+        entityRegistrations = new ArrayList<>(maxSize); // Init to maxSize to increase performance
 
         for (int i = 0; i < maxSize; i++) {
             unusedEntities.add(new Entity(i));
@@ -45,8 +49,8 @@ class EntityManager{
      */
     public EntityManager(int maxEntities){
         maxSize = maxEntities;
-        unusedEntities = new LinkedList<>();
-        entityRegistrations = new ArrayList<>();
+        unusedEntities = new ArrayDeque<>(maxSize);
+        entityRegistrations = new ArrayList<>(maxEntities);
         
         for (int i = 0; i < maxEntities; i++) {
             unusedEntities.add(new Entity(i));
@@ -180,7 +184,7 @@ class EntityManager{
             // Consistency should be maintained.
             // This is computationally expensive; we must re-order every assigned entity above newSize, if the newSize is smaller
             if (newSize < maxSize){
-                List<Entity> outOfBounds = new ArrayList<>();
+                Deque<Entity> outOfBounds = new ArrayDeque<>(maxSize - newSize);
                 for (int i = newSize; i < maxSize; i++) {
                     Entity entityI = Entity.asEntity(i);
                     if (!unusedEntities.remove(entityI)){
@@ -189,14 +193,15 @@ class EntityManager{
                         outOfBounds.add(entityI);
                     }
                 }
-                for (Entity integer : outOfBounds) {
+                while(outOfBounds.size() > 0){
+                    Entity old = outOfBounds.remove();
                     Entity newPos = addEntity();
-                    setRegistrations(newPos, getRegistrations(integer));
+                    setRegistrations(newPos, getRegistrations(old));
                     // Invoke an update in the SystemManager
-                    systemManager.entityDestroyed(integer);
+                    systemManager.entityDestroyed(old);
                     systemManager.entityRegistrationsChanged(newPos, getRegistrations(newPos));
                     // Invoke the change in the components
-                    componentManager.moveAllComponentData(integer, newPos, getRegistrations(integer));
+                    componentManager.moveAllComponentData(old, newPos, getRegistrations(old));
                 }
                 for (int i = newSize; i < maxSize; i++) {
                     // Remove out-of-bounds data